A Frosty Day in the Garden

I awake this morning to a severe frost in the garden. Surveying the garden from my conservatory with a mug of tea just before dawn, I am struck by the cold silvery hue of the haw frost which covers even the thinnest bare branches of the apple tree with its icy touch. My lavender bed has taken on a ghostly air as the silver strands of lavender shimmer in the pale light. My round box balls look like giant snow balls.

As the sun begins to creep higher in the sky, the first birds begin to feed from the bird feeders hanging in the old apple tree. Blue tits cling upside down from suspended suet balls and finches begin to feast on sunflower hearts from the feeder. A shrill cry announces the arrival of a hungry blackbird eager to defend his patch of the garden. As the light brightens I noticed one of the resident mice leave its nest in the old wall to scurry underneath the bird feeder in search of a dropped seed or two. The day has begun in my wintery garden.

Fortified against the cold from my bowl of porridge and a thick jumper, I venture out into the frosty garden. My first job is to break the ice on the water in the bird bath to make sure my garden birds have water to go with their feed of seeds. Next, I check on my greenhouse, removing the horticultural fleece I had placed over the top of the plants overwintering inside and check how they have fared - no damage done! The brassicas on the vegetable path look like white statues in the cold still air. I check the compost heap for signs that my resident hedgehog has not been disturbed by the night's chilly temperature - she is obviously still safely tucked up in her warm nest at the centre of the heap.

My next port of call is the wood shed. My wood burner has been working overtime recently and I need to replenish my log basket with wood from the stack. A lovely smell of freshly cut wood greets me as I pulled open the door, a neat new stack of logs having been made by my partner and his chain saw at the weekend. I pride myself on never having to pay for wood if I can help it - there is always a good neighbour or friend whose has had branches cut from a tree, or wood left over from a building job and of course there is the wood I manage to bring back from my walks with the dog.

It's time for a cup of tea. Warming my hands on my mug I look out on the white blanket that is my lawn. Spikes of grass covered in frost twinkle under the sun's rays and I am reminded that on such days it is best to try and avoid trampling over the lawn which is made delicate by the crisp cold. My attention is drawn to the patio and a number of garden planters I covered with fleece the night before, forewarned of the chilly night to come. I unveil the planters and check for damage, making sure the pots have not cracked and the plants have adequate protection.

The sun climbs higher and the sky turns a brilliant blue. Despite the cold the birds remind me that spring is not so far away and beneath the hard frosty ground I notice the first bulbs beginning to push their way up through the earth. Today, winter has the garden gripped in its chilly stillness and we can only wait for the sun to rise higher in the sky and breath its warmth over the garden once more.

Garden Planters source unusual outdoor and indoor planters, and other garden related gifts - whatever your taste, be it traditional, modern or just a bit quirky, we will have something for you. Run by two qualified and creative gardeners, Garden Planters will also plant up your chosen planter with an arrangement of your choice. We believe garden planters are an integral part of any garden - they enhance the overall design and say a little something about the person to whom the garden belongs.


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Growing Soft Fruit - A Short Guide to the Most Common Soft Fruits

No allotment or vegetable patch should be without soft fruit. As well as epitomising all that is summer with their abundance of juicy berries, they make a very versatile crop to eaten in season or stored in various ways to be enjoyed over the winter months. Who can resist a handful of freshly picked raspberries on your morning cereal or a delicious blackcurrant jam. Here are some handy tips on growing and getting the best out of a few of the most common soft fruit varieties.

Blackberries

If you don't have the time to roam the hedgerows for wild blackberries in autumn, then have a go at growing a few canes yourself. Modern domestic varieties of blackberry tend to bear larger fruit than their wild counterparts and are more disease resistant. Blackberries are easy to grow and will clamber over a large trellis, tall fence or north facing wall. They produce on average about 4.5kg of fruit per plant per season and will last for many years. A favourite variety of mine is Blackberry 'Loch Tay' which grows on short upright canes and is therefore suitable for smaller gardens. It has the added bonus of being thornless.

Blackberries are simple to grow. Fresh young canes appear in summer. Tie them to which ever support you are using, taking care to remove any weak tips. Blackberries fruit on the previous year's growth, so you need to cut out last year's growth that has borne fruit right down to the base of the plant. Feed you blackberry canes with a fertiliser or compost in February and harvest the fruit between July and October.

You might also like to try loganberries which were introduced around 200 years ago by crossing blackberries with raspberries. Growing principles are the same as blackberries. There is also a thornless variety of loganberry you can buy.

Gooseberries

Gooseberries are one of the first of the soft fruits to be harvested - around the end of May to late July. There are many varieties of gooseberry bush available, with fruit varying in colour from greenish-yellow to red. A good green variety is 'Invicta' which crops twice as heavily as most other varieties and is resistant to mildew. A good red variety is 'Pax'. Also resistant to mildew, this desert variety has virtually spine-free canes.

To produce a good crop of fruit on a gooseberry bush, the aim is to build up flowering spurs on old wood. You are aiming for an upright bush with an open shape to reduce the risk of your arms being shredded by the sharp spines. As a general rule, prune a gooseberry bush between November and March.

Blackcurrant

Perhaps my favourite of all soft fruits, blackcurrants are great for pies, jams and even winemaking. A particularly sweet variety is 'Ebony' which is good enough to eat straight from the bush! Blackcurrant bushes fruit on last year's growth, so when pruning, cut the shooting branches back to a strong shoot. Feed with compost or fertiliser in February or March and harvest the fruit July to August.

Other currant bushes you might like to try are redcurrants and whitecurrants. The growing principles are the same as for blackcurrants.

Raspberry

Raspberries are normally supported on a post and wire fence. New canes need to be cut back to about 30cm from the ground. In subsequent years, cut down last year's fruiting canes to ground level. Feed with potash in early spring and harvest summer varieties from June to July, autumn varieties from August to October. Raspberries need plenty of water if they are to produce a good heavy crop. Try 'Valentina' for a sweet early variety or 'Autumn Treasure' for a later variety.

Strawberries

Although strawberries need no pruning, they can be a bit more demanding than other soft fruits to grow. Strawberries produce runners which can be cut off and propagated to produce new plants. Feed the plants with potash in January and harvest the fruit between May and October, depending on the variety.

Strawberries are prone to a number of pests and diseases, so it is best not to grow them on the same patch of ground for more than a few years at a time. Strawberries are also a favourite for birds and mice, so you will need to use some form of protection such as netting or cages. A well known and reliable variety to try is 'Cambridge Favourite'.

Soft fruit can be grown and enjoyed by anyone. There are compact varieties of most soft fruits for those with only small gardens and varieties that look both attractive and are also productive. They don't have to be confined to the allotment or vegetable patch, as most varieties can be grown in garden planters on a patio, or in mixed borders where they will happily co-exist with other garden plants.

Garden Planters source unusual outdoor and indoor planters, and other garden related gifts - whatever your taste, be it traditional, modern or just a bit quirky, we will have something for you. Run by two qualified and creative gardeners, Garden Planters will also plant up your chosen planter with an arrangement of your choice. We believe garden planters are an integral part of any garden - they enhance the overall design and say a little something about the person to whom the garden belongs.


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Should You Only Use Organic Garden Plants

If you are an organic gardener you may be wondering if you should be using organic garden plants. That is a really good question and I can only say it depends.

We will take a look at the difference between the conventional vegetable plants grown for the local nursery and purely organic plants and where to find them.

The every day plants you will find at the nursery have been grown with lots of chemicals. They are spoon fed chemical fertilizer to keep them looking good for the customer. If you are gardening organically you must decide if that is an option for you.

Most people in our culture have not considered the fact that tons of chemicals are dumped on our food every day. The nursery that grows garden plants only for profit want to make as much as fast as possible and using chemicals are how they think is the best way to do that.

Using chemicals cut a lot of labor and that is a big cost for them. So, to the large company that is worth the use of chemicals and do not even consider any options. Plus, the average consumer does not ask for organic plants, because they are going home and pouring chemicals on the plants to get them to grow in their own garden. You can't really blame the companies giving the customer what they want.

As an organic gardener you may feel like you do not want to use plants started with chemicals. You do have other ways of getting good quality organic plants, here are a couple of ways to do that.

I garden organically, and do buy some plants from the nursery when I lose some plants or see something new I want to try that they have. I don't want to make that a full-time practice and if necessary I could do without the chemical grown plants.

You have the option to start your own plants before spring in a south facing window, under grow lights, or as I often do, start them in a cold frame. I really like sowing my own seeds so that I can get the varieties that I want, and I can stagger the plantings out over the growing seasons. The nursery usually only has plants available during the spring rush.

Another option is to look in the better garden catalogs for organic vegetable plants. They usually do not have much of a variety and they are pricey, but that is another way you can go.

To get serious about going organic and you want organic plants, you will have to do it yourself, just like most things in life. This article should help decide where you are with your organic gardening and what to do about your organic garden plants.

To get regular garden tips in a free newsletter just click here now! For a web site with more information go to http://solutionsfororganicgardening.com/.


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Choosing the Best Little Fruity Tomatoes

Some of the most appealing little tomatoes on the market today come with names that make them sound ultra fruity and wonderfully tasty. And it's not just plain cherry tomatoes or grape tomatoes that fit the bill. Today they come in so many shapes and colours, it's difficult to know what to choose.

So next time you want to plant tomatoes with a difference, and you are looking for small "fruity" tomatoes, check out the vast number of different seed offerings available from reputable seed companies on the Internet.

The Best Cherry Tomatoes

Cherry tomatoes don't taste like cherries - although some types are unbelievably sweet and juicy -and only some of them are shaped like cherries or are even the size of regular cherries.

Today cherry tomatoes are generally either round, plum-shaped (like popular Roma tomatoes) or even pear-shaped, like the gorgeous heirloom variety, Yellow Pear that bears huge numbers of yellow-orange bite-sized cherry tomatoes.

They also come in a vast variety of colours, from tomato-red to yellow, and even "black". For instance Supersweet 100 is quite a dark red, while Sungold is a kind of orange. Brown cherry tomatoes are a brownish colour, while Snow White and Dr Carolyn are kind of "white", or perhaps better described as very light.

If you're fascinated by the idea of "black" tomatoes, there's a relatively new Black Pearl Hybrid on the market. It's a tasty treat, and one that changes its flavour when refrigerated, taking on a super-sweet grapey flavour - even though they are characterised as cherry tomatoes and not grape tomatoes!

The Red Lightning Hybrid is particularly interesting in terms of colour. If you painted tomatoes to look like these people would laugh at you! A kind of orangey red, they look as though an artist has washed lines of dark red and yellow over the fruits. Better still, they are said to taste beautifully sweet.

Other examples include tiny Red Currant and Yellow Currant tomatoes that grow on a vine. They look like they sound and are, by all accounts delicious.

To top it all, Green Envy cherry tomatoes are intriguing little fruits that look more like emerald green figs than tomatoes.

All worth trying to grow.

The Best Grape Tomatoes

Not as well known as cherry tomatoes, grape tomatoes (like some varieties of cherry tomato) grow in clusters on a vine. What makes them stand apart is that they are amazingly sweet in taste and very juicy.

One of the reasons grape tomatoes haven't attracted the same worldwide popularity as cherry tomatoes is probably because they have to be picked AS they ripen. This means that those who grow them don't normally do so commercially. Where they do make the stores, they are VERY expensive.

There is currently a lot less choice when it comes to grape tomatoes than any other type of tomato - cherry included. They are also more likely to be traditional tomato red in colour. But look out for Rosalita which is "pink".

If this doesn't tempt you to try growing little fruity-named tomatoes, nothing will. Have fun!

Annette Welsford is co-author of international best selling book in 83 countries How to Grow Juicy Tasty Tomatoes. She has also edited and published several other gardening related titles.

The book, which is available for purchase online in eBook and hard copy format, is considered to be the authoritative "bible" on Growing Tomatoes. It has been featured on TV, radio and reviewed in leading gardening publications and newspapers in 4 continents.

Visit http://www.bestjuicytomatoes.com/ for a wealth of expert tips and advice on growing tomatoes at your place.


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Remedies, Perfumes and Beauty Treatments Using Plants and Herbs

In recent years there has been renewed interest in using plants and herbs as natural remedies and beauty treatments, alongside an interest in healthier lifestyles and a more natural approach to tending to our body's needs. Although some natural uses for plants and herbs can be perhaps a little too complicated for most people to tackle, there are a number of simple recipes and techniques anyone can try for themselves and experience some of the wonderful effects plants and herbs can have on our lives and health.

Simple health remedies using plants and herbs

Unlike many herbs and plants whose properties have been well known for hundreds if not thousands of years, it was only during the 1970s that the abilities of feverfew to sooth headaches was fully recognised. It is particularly effective against migraines. As with most herbal remedies, you can buy feverfew in tablet form. Alternatively eat up to five leaves a day between a slice of bread to help alleviate migraines.

Peppermint has long been prized for its ability to sooth indigestion and the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Make a tea of peppermint leaves steeped in hot water. Peppermint also has anti-bacterial properties and this combined with it fresh aromatic flavour makes it a good mouth wash to combat bad breath. Peppermint oil can also be used in massage to help relieve muscular pain.

The astringent, anti-bacterial properties of witch hazel make it a very useful remedy for spots and pimples. You can make a simple gel by boiling up some young witch hazel twigs, mix the liquid with some gelatine to make the gel and add vodka as a preservative. It will keep for up to six months if refrigerated.

Marigold flowers have many healing uses. The flowers have antiseptic, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties. A compress of marigold flowers can be used to treat burns and stings. They are also effective against chilblains. A cold infusion can be used as eyewash to treat conjunctivitis.

Juniper berries contain strong anti-inflammatory and astringent substances and can be used as oil in massage to stimulate circulation and help relieve back pain. A healing ointment can be made from juniper berries to help treat scratches and relieve itching.

The properties of sage, rosemary and wormwood are well known as insect repellents. Make a pot-pourri from the leaves of all three to help deter flying pests.

Lavender oil is probably the most popular and versatile of all essential oils. For hundreds of years it has been used for its soothing properties. The oil can be used as a remedy for burns and stings and its anti-bacterial properties can help heal cuts and scratches. A few drops on a pillow or burned in an oil burner can help promote sleep. Rubbed on the temples, lavender oil is also effective in soothing headaches. You can distil your own oil but the process is laborious so it is probably easier to buy lavender oil from a good herbal shop.

Simple beauty remedies

To strengthen your hair and stimulate growth make a simple hair tonic from the leaves of nettles and use as a final rinse after shampooing.

For an uplifting and refreshing bath, add a few drops of eucalyptus oil to your bath water. Or use as an inhalant by adding a few drops to a bowl of boiling water, place a towel over your head and the bowl and breathe in. It will both clear your senses and stimulate your facial skin.

Make a useful face scrub by mixing ground almonds and oat flakes with cider vinegar and basil essential oil. The basil helps to kill bacteria and the almond flakes and oats remove dead skin cells.

Strawberries have long been used by the cosmetic industry. Make a face mask by mashing the fruit to extract the juice and apply to the face to lighten freckles and other blotches. You can also apply sliced strawberries to your face to help relieve slight sunburn.

An infusion of chamomile can be used as a hair rinse to lighten blond hair. Likewise, and infusion of rosemary leaves has a darkening effect on dark hair. Many face creams contain extract of marigold. Marigold flowers, used as a skin lotion can help reduce the size of pores and nourish the skin.

The properties of aloe vera encourage skin regeneration and it is therefore be used in hand creams, shampoos and face lotions.

Plants and perfume

Perfumes made from plants have always played an important part in our lives. Perfumes stimulate the senses. Fragrant plants like roses and scented geraniums can be grown in garden planters and placed in places where there stimulating scent can be best enjoyed. They have traditionally been used in religious rites, in the promotion of good health and for aesthetic purposes. Perfumes can be flowery, citrus, woody, aromatic or sweet. Perfume from flowers and plants can be extracted and used in a number of ways. Drying plants helps to preserve scent and the dried material can then be made into pot-pourri to fragrance our houses. Oils from fragrant plants can be distilled to greatly enhance their scent. These essential oils can then be burnt or applied to base oils to rub into the body.

You can make a simple toilet water or eau-de-cologne from the leaves of your favourite flowers. Fill a small bottle with the fresh leaves of rose or lily of the valley and top up with vodka and leave for a week. Strain and replace the leaves for as long as they are freshly available and eventually the alcohol will become saturated with the scent of the flowers.

Make a soothing herb pillow by adding some of your favourite dried herbs to a small pillow or bag. Add a few drops of essential oil such as lavender or bergamot to promote a calming effect. Dried or fresh flowers and leaves from fragrant plants can also be made into bath bags and sachets and soaps.

Garden Planters source unusual outdoor and indoor planters, and other garden related gifts - whatever your taste, be it traditional, modern or just a bit quirky, we will have something for you. Run by two qualified and creative gardeners, Garden Planters will also plant up your chosen planter with an arrangement of your choice. We believe garden planters are an integral part of any garden - they enhance the overall design and say a little something about the person to whom the garden belongs.


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Different Ways to Cook Spinach

Spinach is an incredibly easy vegetable to grow, particularly Swiss chard or silver beet. But what do you do when you are faced with kilo after kilo of fresh spinach?

Different types of Spinach

True spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is not grown as widely as high yielding Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris) which is, to many non-horticultural people all over the world, the only spinach there is. The most likely reason for this is that true spinach has a much shorter picking season, it doesn't like too much heat, and it simply doesn't produce the same sort of ongoing yields that Swiss chard and sugar beet produce.

The other type of spinach you will find is New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia expansa), which grows particularly well in the southern hemisphere, and makes an ideal substitute for other types of spinach.

The cooking methods and recipes discussed here are perfect for all types of spinach.

Ways to Eat Spinach

While raw baby spinach is a great addition to salads, and can be added to sandwiches instead of lettuce, Swiss chard is more commonly cooked, particularly once the leaves have grown and the stalk has widened through the leaf to form a distinctive white rib - or red in the case of ruby chard.

Probably the best known way to eat cooked spinach is the way it is prepared and frozen commercially all over the world - in the form of creamed spinach, often with the addition of Feta cheese.

But there are many more recipes, including quiches and tarts, and more complex and profoundly interesting recipes that combine spinach with eggs and/or cheese, and sometimes other vegetables as well. There are also a number of ways that you can cook chard ribs which are removed from the leaves before they are cooked, or in some instances after the whole leaf (stalk and all) has been blanched for a minute or two in boiling water.

So if you are producing a mountain of spinach from your garden patch (and that really isn't difficult to do), before you get bored with boiled and creamed spinach, try cooking this healthy vegetable other ways.

Preparing Swiss Chard

Open just about any older recipe book and you will find a multitude of recipes that tell you to cook spinach in lots of boiling, salted water. The instructions will change from there, telling you to drain and press through a sieve; drain and refresh with cold water; drain and liquidise...

The thing is that cooking any vegetable in too much water results in much of the goodness being thrown down the sink; unless of course you use the water as a kind of insipid stock. It is much better to sweat the veg in a pot, using only the water that is left on the leaves after you have rinsed them. Do this at a relatively low temperature on top of the stove, until the spinach has wilted and is super-soft. Then you can revert to the original recipe. Usually there is hardly any moisture to drain, ensuring you are left with ALL the goodness. It also tastes better in the long run.

Recipes for Spinach

Books and books have been written about cooking vegetables, and most contain at least a handful that feature spinach. You will also find hundreds if not thousands of inspiring recipes on good cooking sites on the Internet.

Here is an original recipe born from the need to cook mountains of this year's Swiss chard harvest (picture above).

Peel and halve one large white onion and two large red onions. Slice (not too fine) and cook in good quality virgin olive oil until transparent. While the onion is cooking, slice (about 10 mm thick) about a dozen young leeks (less if they are large) and add to the onion; stir. Now slice one red pepper, one yellow pepper and a green pepper (these add colour and distinctive flavour) and add to the onions.

While this is gently simmering away, trim the chard and remove the rib; don't forget you can braise these (after removing the thin membrane that covers the outer part of the stalk) and serve with a sauce, or cook as a gratin.

Rinse a hefty handful of leaves and chop coarsely. Add progressively on top of the onions and leeks after stirring. Season with a little salt and freshly ground black pepper; allow to cook until everything is nice and soft but not slushy.

Lightly butter a suitable dish and spoon a layer of the veg mix to cover the bottom. Place a layer of small black mushrooms over this layer. Don't use chunky mushrooms and don't try and squeeze in too many (you'll need about 150 g mushrooms in total). Add sliced (preferably garlicky) salami between the mushrooms (you could use lightly fried bacon instead, and will need only about 100 g). Top this with another layer of veg and add some more mushrooms and salami. Top with a final layer of veg.

Now whisk together a cup of cream and four eggs. Season with a pinch of salt and white pepper to taste. Grate about a cup-full of cheddar cheese (mature cheddar would be even better) and scatter over the top.

Bake for about half an hour in an oven preheated to 180 °C.

This dish is great on its own, but you could serve with a light lettuce and tomato salad and fresh brown bread or crispy rolls.

Annette Welsford is the co-author, editor and publisher of international best selling books How to Grow Juicy Tasty Tomatoes and How to Grow Great Potatoes.

The books, which are available for online purchase, are considered the authoritative "bibles" on Growing Tomatoes and Growing Potatoes. They've been purchased by many thousand gardeners in 83 countries, and have been featured on TV, radio and in leading gardening publications and newspapers in 4 continents.


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With Spring Approaching, Are You Thinking of Your Home Vegetable Garden?

I am beginning to seriously study the seed catalogs (online) and read about all the new varieties. This gives me plenty of food for thought. Since no garden is perfect, I made a list last fall of all the things that did or didn't work last year and the things I had to change, even if it was the position in the garden plot. I am pouring over my notes from last year and striving to do better this year.

If you made notations on your garden's successes and failures, think at this time if you grew what your family likes to eat. Did you keep up with the harvesting of those plants or do you need to grow less of something this year? Did you use your whole garden plot productively? Personally, I like to seed in wide rows or square beds because I have the space to utilize. Some of my neighbors have reduced the size of their garden permanently now that their children have grown up and moved on. (If you have children like mine, they don't grow their own gardens and tend to raid my garden when they come home all summer long!)

Let's get realistic here though - it's time to decide which crops you truly want to grow, and in what quantity. Do you need just enough to eat fresh, or do you want a surplus to freeze, can, or dry? After you have made some decisions about your home vegetable garden, it is definitely time to lay out your garden on that piece of paper.

If you're like the author, you will only order enough seeds to match your plan and your needs. Make sure to choose disease-resistant strains of seeds. I tend to try new varieties of vegetables in my home garden based on the experts.

This time of year (cold as it may be) is the time to get as much done as you can before planting time arrives. Organize yourself (even if it's just your thoughts) in order to prepare. Gather your momentum so you are ready for the joy of placing that first seed in the moist earth!

Before ordering your vegetable seeds, if you are like me, you have half-used packages of seed left over from last year. Most gardeners are hesitant to use these. This is normal, but you can test their germination in an easy way before you decide.

To test their germination, dampen a paper towel. Lay about ten seeds on it (from the same variety) and cover this with another damp paper towel. In order to keep this paper towel moist, either spray mist occasionally with water or roll the towel gently and place it in a plastic bag. Keep this in a warm place. After the germination time (stated on the package) has elapsed, count the number of seeds that have sprouted. If fewer than 50 percent of your seeds have germinated, order new seed.

Now is the appropriate time to ask if it is really worth the trouble to start seedlings indoors, or is it more practical to wait until spring and purchase the few transplants and annuals you need? If you decide that you want to start the seedlings, be sure to order these seeds along with the rest of your seeds. I tend to purchase all my seeds from the same company every year, but this can be your choice.

As an avid gardener in the Province of Saskatchewan, I highly recommend going to http://www.ezyhomegardening.com/.

You receive encouragement at that website, and you are shown it is possible to succeed in spite of the weather.

The blog posts are ongoing and a great source of information. What you thought was impossible is not really impossible!

Check it out today!


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Learn How to Master Aquaponics

Learning How to Master Aquaponics is Easy, Fun and Very Rewarding.

The process of learning on how to master aquaponics is stimulating and even exciting. It is so much different from growing vegetables in your back yard. There is no backbreaking digging, no weeding, no watering and no spraying for pests. There is no bending involved as the grow beds can be placed at a comfortable height. You can put them at a height that is right for you, depending whether you are tall, small or in between.

It is best not to start too small as it is rather difficult to balance a small system. It is more difficult to balance a small system as with small water volume the temperature will fluctuate and would put the fish under stress. A good size is about 250 gallons, which is roughly 10,000 liters. You can then have growing beds of 250 gallons capacity. A good height for the grow beds is 12 inches (300 mm)

When learning to master aquaponics you need to be aware that there is a need to stagger the planting of your vegetables. If this is not done you could end up not having enough plants to filter the water for the fish. And of course you should plan, so that you can get fresh produce every day.

The fish need to be cared for and they need feeding several times per day. The easiest way is to use an automatic feeder and they are not expensive. You will need a submersible pump to pump the water to the plants. The fish also need oxygen, the movement of the water does help to oxygenate the water, but some air stones are still necessary to help provide enough oxygen. So you will also need a small air pump. Again this is not a very expensive item.

You can grow virtually any type of vegetables from lettuces to corn cobs, also many different kinds of fruit. Some have even grown peanuts. The only limit is the size of your aquaponics system. The size of your operation depends upon your requirements. Although should you produce more than you can use, you could earn extra money by selling your produce and as only completely natural nutrients are used the produce is organic. Organic products fetch a higher price.

Another advantage with this system is that the vegetables grow so much faster than in any other system. The plants are never under any stress as the water and nutrients are provided 24/7. Sometimes there may not be enough nutrients in the water as the fish may be too small to provide enough. You then simply put some liquid manure such as made from seaweed into the water. This will not harm the fish, but will keep your plants thriving. Sometimes there may be too many nutrients provided and the plants cannot filter the water enough. This will happen when your fish are growing too big. The fish do not grow at the same rate and so you start harvesting the bigger ones. Before the fish numbers get too low, you can put a division in your fish tank and start growing the next lot of fingerlings. When they have grown to the size that they won't be eaten by the bigger ones you can remove the division. These are just a few tips as you are learning how to master aquaponics

There are things one needs to know when starting to learn to master aquaponics. It is not rocket science and it is by far the easiest and simplest and cheapest and most fun way of growing fresh produce as well as fresh fish. There may be too much rain or not enough and prices skyrocket in the shops. When you have your own supply in your own backyard these things will not affect you and you will be saving yourself a lot of hard earned cash. On my website, http://www.aquaponicsblog.org/aquaponics-how-to.htm there is the A-Z Beginners Guide, which is at a very reasonable price and you will find in it all that you need to know on how to operate your very own aquaponics system.


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Why You Should Grow Disease Resistant Potatoes

The great Irish famine of the mid-19th century shows us how vulnerable potatoes can be when it comes to disease. Potato blight, caused by a rampant fungus caused a massive crop failure throughout Ireland, leading to famine and starvation.

Many of those who survived the famine decided to emigrate to far-off lands like North America and Australia, leading to a drop in the Irish population of some 50%.

Hybrid Potatoes can Resist Disease

Of course it was the common so-called Irish potato that was affected by the terrible blight. So it is not surprising that horticulturists decided to do what they could to try and "improve" the common potato.

Luther Burbank, an American horticulturist, is credited with having developed the first disease resistant hybrid potato. He called it the Russet Burbank potato and then, after selling the rights to it, went off to Santa Rosa with the proceeds. It was there that he established what is now a world-famous experimental farm.

Since then many different varieties of disease resistant potato have been bred (and I'll talk about these in another post). Furthermore, most countries have standards that certify potatoes that are disease-free. If possible these are the seed tubers that you should plant.

Diseases Potatoes are Prone to

Unfortunately potatoes are prone to many diseases, including various leaf diseases. Insects often transmit viral diseases, but bacteria and fungi are also problems. These are just some examples:

· Potato scab, which affects the appearance of the underground tubers, is a very common fungal disease that affects potatoes. You can avoid it by ensuring the pH of your soil is between 5.2 and 5.5 and by keeping the soil relatively dry and always well-drained.

· Black dot is a fungal disease that causes wilt and rotting. It is encouraged by poor soil and bad drainage.

· Black scurf is another fungal disease, attacking underground. Good management should help you avoid this; unfortunately there are no varieties that are specifically resistant to it. Silver scurf is another type, but this usually occurs during storage.

· Early blight is also caused by a fungus. You can identify it by little dark spots that form on the leaves, which then turn yellow and dry, and then fall off. It is a major problem which is exacerbated by overhead irrigation.

· Late blight is another fungal disease, and is spread by wind and rain - and is worsened by overhead irrigation.

· Mould can be quite a bad problem, again because of moist condition and overhead watering.

· While wilts may be caused by a fungal disease, sometimes it is caused by bacteria. Either way it's bad news. Healthy plants shouldn't be attacked by wilts (of which there are several types), but using disease-free stock is your best protection.

· Blackleg disease is a rather horrid bacterial disease and one that may attack early on in the growing season. Again planting disease-free seed will usually avoid the problem.

How to Avoid Diseases from Infecting Your Potato Crop

Happily there are steps that you can take to avoid these problems in your potato patch. For instance weeds can be a source of disease, so these should be diligently removed. Aphids also carry diseases, so keep an eye out for these and use an organic spray if you spot them (spray in the evening when the good bugs aren't usually around).

Crop rotation is an excellent way to prevent infections and diseases from one season being passed on to the next. Just remember that you should plant something that belongs to another family, because plants in the same family - brinjals, tomatoes, peppers, and so on - suffer from the same problems.

Feeding the soil with organic compost or manure is another safeguard, because good quality soil encourages good bugs.

Planting cover crops like wheat or barley is another safeguard, although this is only really an option if you are able to plant a field of potatoes. Alternatively you could plant one of the brassica species that grows through winter; mustard, cabbages, and canola are all brassicas that will help to minimise disease and control pests in your potato patch.

While mulching is always good, when it comes to potatoes, make sure you don't mulch right against the plant as this may cause the stem to rot or even affect the leaves of the potato.

Too much nitrogen in the soil is also a disease risk.

Overhead sprinklers tend to exacerbate problems, so if you are able to, rather install a drip system or soaker hoses. If you're watering with sprinklers, do so early in the day because wet leaves seem to invite disease at night; water splashing on the leaves also helps to transmit diseases.

If your potato plants look as if they are wilting, but the weather is cool, check for disease.

Annette Welsford is editor and co-author of international best selling book How to Grow Great Potatoes. She has also edited and published several other gardening related titles.

The 110 page book can be purchased online and is considered to be the authoritative "bible" on Growing Potatoes. It also comes with a complimentary cookbook and second book on Growing Jerusalem Artichokes

Visit http://www.growgreatpotatoes.com/ for a wealth of expert tips and advice on growing potatoes at your place.


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Mulch in the Garden

What is Mulch:

Mulch can be organic (Wood Mulch, straw etc) or inorganic (Gravel and pebbles etc)

Inorganic Mulch types include: Gravel, Pebbles, recycled aggregate.Organic Mulch types include: Pine Chip, Pine Bark, Forest/ Leaf litter, Straw, lucerne,

Inorganic Mulch

Inorganic mulches are generally used for decoration. They allow good access around a garden bed through the plants. They provide very little or no nutrients to the plants but will not break down therefore won't require continual topping up compared to the organic mulch selections. They will need to be raked to remove leaves regularly to keep the gravel looking at its best, as gravel / pebbles can quickly look drab when untidy. Some gravels such as blue metals/ crusher dusts can be good mulches around alkaline soil loving plants because they are alkaline rocks and will slowly leach this into the soil.

Organic Mulch

Organic mulch is organic material such as leaves, twigs bark, straw etc and can be partially broken down and has many benefits for your garden. It is spread in a layer on top of your garden bed to provide the following benefits:

Maintain even soil temperaturesReduce evaporation (saving you water)Slows down weed growthReduces soil compactionIncrease soil microbial activityProvides a slow release source of nutrients (less chemical fertilisers)

How to use mulch

Garden Beds

Clear weeds and debris from the garden bed. Turn the soil and break up packed surfaces. Drench the soil around the plant, rather than regular wide spread spraying as it encourages root growth and healthier plants. Sprinkle some compost around the plant. Apply mulch up to 75mm thick. Take care to not place mulch up against the trunk or stem of the plant, or it may cause disease such as trunk / root rot in the plant.

Sheet Mulching

This method prepares an area for planting without digging. You will need to cover the area with thick newspaper for a week or two. The paper will need to be held in place with bricks / rocks etc. After two weeks remove the cover and the dead weeds. Dig some over sized holes for the plants being installed and plant them into a thick pocket of compost. Add a thick 75mm layer of mulch to the entire area. No Chemicals, fertilisers or other pollutants are needed as the compost with help the plants until the mulch starts to break down and feed the soil. Mulch can also be placed over the paper and just left in place in place as it all breaks down anyway. Water should be done to drench the soil around the plant, rather than regular wide spread spraying as it encourages root growth and healthier plants.

What type of mulch should use?

Different types of mulch have different effects on your garden.

Wood Chip/ Pine Chip Mulch

Chips of wood from branches mulched through a chipper generally a light brown coloured mulch. It is slow to break down and requires soil conditioners and compost to be added to the soil before hand as there are limited nutrient benefits initially from the mulch. It will eventually provide some nutrients when it begins to the break down. This mulch helps create a neat and tidy garden. It needs to be renewed every two years.

Pine Bark Mulch

Chips of tree bark usually pine trees mulched through a chipper generally a dark brown coloured mulch. It is slow to break down and requires soil conditioners and compost to be added to the soil beforehand as there are limited nutrient benefits initially from the mulch. It will eventually provide some nutrients when it begins to the break down. This mulch helps create a neat and tidy garden. It needs to be renewed every two years.

Forest mulch / Leaf Litter Mulch

This mulch is usually a mix of the above two including leaves. It is basically the whole tree mulched and is generally a mid to dark brown coloured mulch. It is generally quicker to break down and requires soil conditioners and compost to be added to the soil beforehand as there are limited nutrient benefits initially from the mulch. It will eventually provide some nutrients when it begins to the break down. This mulch helps create a neat and tidy garden. It needs to be renewed every year or two but is usually less than half the price of the first two. It is a good mulch in native gardens.

Hay, Straw and lucerne Mulch

These are generally bought in bales and are quite high in nutrients, they will need to be replaced every three to six months. It helps repel slips and snails are great for use in vegetable gardens.

For more helpful landscape ideas and information please visit http://www.allthingslandscape.com/


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Everything a Beginner Needs to Know About Garden Tillers

A garden is one of the best parts of any residential or commercial property. Everyone wants to make sure that they have a beautiful garden, which is actually helpful in making a property look more attractive. There are many different things that could help you in making your garden or lawn appealing. You can either take the help of those tools and techniques or you can do everything with your hands to make your garden look beautiful. However, if you have a huge garden, you will definitely need some tools to assist you in managing them. Garden tillers are the tools that are adored by a lot of gardeners. These basically help the gardeners in plowing the land, creating new beds, cultivating weeds and in the end, putting the fertilizers or manure. So, if you have your own garden or if you are using a land as a small farm, you can use a tiller to help you out in doing all these things.

If you are interested in becoming a vegetable or fruit farmer, you will need to buy garden tillers that could help you in making the entire process of gardening or farming easier for you. There are many farmers who usually rent these garden tillers, but buying them would be a better option, as you might be having a continuous use of these. There are different types of tillers available in the market. First of all, you need to make a list of your requirements and needs as per the size of your garden. After that, you can take the help of internet to find out different types of suppliers or vendors in your particular area. You can give them a list of all your requirements and later, they would be able to tell you about certain options that will further help you out. Make sure that you have done your research properly. Take the help of different social media portals where you can find different views of customers about various tillers. You can also post some of your questions about these tillers and clear your doubts or concern. If you think you are getting a good bargain, go for it. Otherwise, look for different options.

Another important factor to look for while buying different garden tillers is to make sure that the machine you are buying is in good condition. For this, you can take the help of a mechanic or engineer because most of the gardeners do not have much idea about the intricate details of the machine. Therefore, it is advisable to take an experienced person with you, especially if you are buying a used garden tiller. This is considered to be the best way to buy a garden tiller.

You can also find garden tillers based upon their consumption of fuel or gas. If you are using a gas-powered tiller, it could turn out to be the best one because gas-powered tillers are very easy to use and are faster. Also, driving them is not a grueling task. On the other hand, petrol driven tillers are quite heavy and difficult to use. But gas tillers can be used for landscaping of a big place and they are usually the best for a typical backyard garden of a house, where you just need to grow some vegetables for your everyday use. Small tillers could be used for plowing a garden of 100 square feet while the big machines could be used for a land with more square footage. Usually, people prefer to use electric tillers these days because they are smaller and you can not only use them easily but also store them conveniently.

Sultan Murati is a dedicated gardener and does reviews about garden tillers and other tools. To find more information on rototillers for sale, visit his site at BestGardenTillers.com.


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Creating and Planting a Container Garden

We all have a garden planter or two dotted around our gardens, perhaps filled with a specimen plant or a seasonal display. But there is a lot to be said for using containers as the design basis for a garden. Containers are probably one of the most versatile forms of gardening, allowing you not only to choose type of container but also the plant and its location. There are many advantages to container gardening. You can move your containers to different locations within your garden, thereby creating an instantly different effect. You can change planting displays as often as you like, perhaps making the most of the choice of different seasonal plants. You can also grow plants which like different soil types to your own by simply filling them with the right type of compost.

Types of garden planter

There are an ever increasing number of different types of container you can buy, with materials and designs to suit every climate and different tastes. Pots and tubs are probably the most popular type of planter available. They are for the most part versatile and easily moved to different positions in the garden. Pots and tubs come in an enormous variety of sizes and designs, both traditional and modern. Materials vary from moss covered terracotta and artificially aged stone planters, to reused car tyres and fibre glass. There are no rules when it comes to choosing a type of container and there is no reason why you can't combine traditional with modern. Just be aware that your designs and materials complement each other in some way.

Pots and tubs are equally as versatile when it comes to planting. You can grow almost anything you like in a container. Formally clipped box and other evergreens look stunning as focal points, as do specimen standard plants such as bay trees or photinias. Group a number of planters of different sizes together with a plant type such as herbs. A particularly stunning planter can be filled with seasonal annuals for an all year round display.

Window boxes are another great way to grow plants and enhance the appearance of your house and garden. Window boxes are particularly useful if you have a tiny garden or even if you have no garden at all! You can buy ready- made window boxes, have them made bespoke to your requirements or simply make your own. Window boxes don't have to be made of wood. I have seen some beautifully aged metal ones as well as reconstituted stone ground-level boxes. Grow seasonal displays or plant up a box outside your kitchen window with herbs or easy to grow edibles like lettuce.

Hanging baskets are probably the most versatile of all containers. They can be hung on walls, fences and even in trees. Not only can your display be changed from season to season, but you can also grow edible plants such as tumbling tomatoes and strawberries and even a selection of herbs, hung near your kitchen door. Hanging baskets also come in a variety of shapes and sizes. More traditionally made from wicker, but I have seen some great modern alternatives made from brightly coloured plastics.

Troughs and sinks can be used to create mini container gardens in one place. Although strictly speaking you can grow anything you like in a trough shaped planter, the lack of depth makes them more suited to growing alpines and herbs. Stone troughs probably look the best in any garden but why not also think about getting hold of an old Belfast sink which looks particularly effective when planted with herbs under a kitchen window.

Another type of container not readily thought about is the raised bed. Raised beds are a great way of growing both vegetables and garden plants. They are easy to maintain and therefore popular with gardeners with impaired mobility. They are also an easy way of adding structure to an otherwise flat garden space, lifting plants higher up and creating the illusion of different levels to a garden.

Some planting rules

If you are going to maintain a healthy container garden, there are a few rules you will need to follow whatever type of planter. Drainage is all important for container grown plants. Make sure your container has adequate drainage holes and always add some broken pot or crocks to the bottom of the planter to aid drainage. If your container is to be placed on a hard surface, sit it on some feet to raise it above ground level slightly. Use the right type of compost. Try not to overcrowd your container, most plants will need plenty of room to spread their roots and grow into healthy specimens. Conversely, don't let your plants become pot-bound. Although there are a few plants which do well in these conditions, as a rule, either divide you plant or re-pot it into a larger container.

In extremely cold weather both your containers and their plants will need some protection. For those that are not frost hardy it is probably best to over winter them into a cold greenhouse. Others can be wrapped in straw or fleece to protect them from frost.

Perhaps the most important consideration of all for container grown plants is water. During dry weather in the summer months you will have to make sure your pots are well watered. Materials like terracotta dry out quickly as the clay absorbs water, so you will often find yourself having to water at least twice a day. Early morning and evening is best. During the winter water container plants sparingly. Waterlogged containers easily freeze killing the roots of the plants in them.

I am a firm believer that a garden reflects some of the personality of the gardener who tends it. Garden planters are a great way of putting your stamp on a garden, particularly if you are a little bit quirky! I have seen old wooden boats used as planters, odd worn out walking boots, pan tiles, antique wash tubs, old car tyres and even a disused toilet!

Garden Planters source unusual outdoor and indoor planters, and other garden related gifts - whatever your taste, be it traditional, modern or just a bit quirky, we will have something for you. Run by two qualified and creative gardeners, Garden Planters will also plant up your chosen planter with an arrangement of your choice. We believe garden planters are an integral part of any garden - they enhance the overall design and say a little something about the person to whom the garden belongs.


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Using Landscape Gardeners Can Mean Lots of Choice for Your Garden

Using professional landscape gardeners to help you design, implement and maintain your home garden is a great way to ensure your garden is at its best and pleasing to you. Your garden outside is a big part of your home just as the inside. By taking the time and making the investment to hire qualified and talented professionals, you can maximise your enjoyment, use and the beauty of your garden space. In pleasant seasons, the garden is essentially an extension of your home living space. Spending time outdoors in a pretty garden is a great way to enjoy nature and take in the fresh air from time to time.

By definition, landscape gardeners are in charge of the design of outdoor spaces, both public and private. These professionals use a combination of skills in the areas of fine arts, horticulture, architecture and botany to work aesthetic and nurturing magic in the garden. The purpose of landscape gardening is to provide an inviting and pleasing space that encourages people to spend time in nature. Fresh air is very good for people of all ages and walks of life. A well-designed park space encourages fresh air times and social interaction as well as working to preserve natural beauty.

When it comes to home garden design, gardeners bring a wealth of experience and talent to the table. While many homeowners might have ideas about what they want in the garden, often the professionals have an edge with experience in design and what plants will thrive together and the like. They will work with you to find a design that makes your garden inviting and brings you hours of joy just to look at it and spend time there. By employing landscape gardeners, they can offer you many options in ideas, services and products you might otherwise have not known about. This benefits you and your garden greatly.

Hiring a home landscape gardener to beautify your landscape around your home enhances the overall attraction and appearance of your home. Adding beauty makes the outdoor space inviting and enjoyable while designing it to your specifications makes a statement of individuality and personal preference. An attractive garden around your home increases the overall value of your home and property as well as making it look great and function well. Nature is soothing and restful to the soul and spending time there is good for everyone. A well-designed and well-kept garden is a perk in so many ways.

Whether it is flowers, greenery, trees, vegetables or some combination of all that you enjoy in your garden, employing professional gardeners can help not only with the design of your outdoor space, but with the upkeep as well. The upkeep of a beautiful garden is sometimes what stops people from doing what they would like to out there. By hiring a great landscape service, you gain their knowledge in design and also their help in upkeep. A beautiful garden around your lovely home is inviting and wonderful, an investment you will not likely regret.

For further details on landscape design including using landscape gardeners in Birmingham, please visit Genuine Home Services, who have a great deal of knowledge in paving, sheds and tree surgery in Birmingham.


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Growing Deciduous Trees on Clay Soils

Let's face it - gardening on clay soils can be tough going. Soil which is wet and sticky in winter and then dries out like concrete in summer isn't exactly the favorite choice of most plants. And it can nearly you drive to despair when just about every tree at your local nursery carries a label saying: "needs friable, free-draining conditions." What about trees for clay! I hear you cry. Well there are trees that will grow in heavy clay and some hardy types will actually thrive in the stuff.

Deciduous trees often do better than evergreens when it comes to surviving in clay. This is because many deciduous trees don't come into leaf until late spring (by which time the soil is warmer and drier) so they're less likely to suffer from wet feet due to cold, wet conditions.

Three great deciduous species for heavy clay soils are Oaks, European Ashes, and Liquidambars.

European ashes are well-suited to clay soils because they can not only handle wet, sticky conditions in winter, but also have good tolerance of hot, dry conditions in summer (ashes are a member of the olive family). Not only that, but they grow quickly and look green and healthy all summer long. However, Asian and American ashes are not as clay tolerant as the European ash, so be careful when choosing varieties.

Oaks come in various forms and have a high tolerance of hot summer winds. Pin oaks, which are also known as swamp oaks, come into leaf in late spring and are particularly good for low-lying spots which don't drain very well in winter.

Liquidambars have similar leaves to maples and put on a fine display in autumn with their colourful foliage. They have higher moisture requirements than ashes and oaks, but are fast growing and also have pretty good tolerance of strong summer winds and hot conditions.

To make sure your trees get off to a good start, be sure to plant them correctly. In clay soils it's necessary to dig wide planting holes (two to three times the width of the root ball of the tree is recommended). This will allow the roots to spread out into the surrounding soil and help the tree get established faster. Don't be tempted to add lots of soil amendments like compost or sand since this may turn the planting hole into a water sump that attracts water from the surrounding soil during wet periods.

After planting, you'll need to pay some attention to watering and mulching, especially during the first few years. Water trees deeply during dry weather to encourage them to put down deep roots. Mulching is essential around new trees in summer as it helps preserve moisture and stops the surface of the soil from baking hard and restricting the growth of surface roots. The best time to lay down mulch is in the spring when the ground is still moist.

Use organic mulches like straw or rotted compost, and apply them thickly. At least 7-8 cm is necessary to conserve moisture as mulches quickly rot down in hot weather. If using lawn clippings make sure to add some nitrogen containing fertilizer like urea or sheep manure as lawn clippings temporarily take nitrogen from the soil as they rot down. Organic mulches also help to condition the soil by increasing its humus content and encourage worm activity, which helps to aerate the soil.

Once established, these tough deciduous trees will only need occasional watering during particularly dry conditions. Otherwise they usually need little attention as they don't tend to suffer from many pest and disease problems.

Michael H Carr is freelance journalist and a keen gardener with experience in developing new gardens on heavy clay soil subdivisions. He currently lives in New Zealand.

He has produced an e-book entitled Clay Soil Gardening, a no-nonsense guide to growing plants on heavy clay soils in temperate climates.


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4 Tips For The Organic Garden

Gardeners need to take more care of the organic garden than conventional gardeners. A conventional garden can always rely on a handful of chemical fertilizer, or bug spray, or weed killer to get than out of a jam. The organic gardener must think ahead to avoid the problems that a lot of other gardeners get themselves into.

The following 4 tips will help you be better prepared this garden season. The tips cover plant care, weeds, pests and harvest and replant. They will help you grow safe, tasty and nutritious veggies for your family.

Plant care

Growing time is the time for watering and feeding. It is best to check the plants growing habits to see how moist to keep the soil. Some plants are different. Most of the time you just want to add water ever couple of days to keep the soil in the root zone moist, but not wet. Give your garden plants a little compost during the garden season, by carefully scratching it into the soil surface.

Weeds

That dirty word... weeds. To some the weed is the thorn in the side for their garden, but it does not have to be that way. Here are two big tips for weeding your garden. One, mulch your garden with straw, leaves, grass clippings, newspaper or just about any organic material. Place it under the plants as soon as they are big enough. Second, walk through your garden every evening after work. As you walk pull any weeds that stick their heads up through the mulch. It will keep your garden weed free and lift your spirits at the same time.

Pests

We do not have enough space to cover all pest, so we will just cover a few. Bugs are everywhere. If you have a garden you have bugs. Some bugs are good so we do not want to kill everything. You can quickly hand pick, and place the bug in soapy water, as you are doing your daily garden walk.

Row cover is a great invention. It is available from your garden center and is placed over your veggies. It lets in rain and light and keeps bugs out, works great.

Harvest and replant

Once, you have enjoyed your beans, or cabbage, or whatever don't let that soil sit there and grow weeds. Rake in a little compost and plant a different variety of vegetable and harvest again from the same spot.

Following these 4 tips for the organic garden will help you harvest more produce from your garden and have more fun while doing it. Organic gardening is easy, once you learn how to do it. Just remember to care for your growing plants, consistently take care of the pests and weeds and replant after you harvest.

If you would like more tips on how to improve your gardening skills you can click here. For a free newsletter of gardening tips go to http://solutionsfororganicgardening.com/.


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Where Do Wind Chimes Come From?

Wind chimes were first made back in prehistoric times by many cultures. And through the ages have continued to remain popular for their decorative appeal and sound. In Rome, wind chimes were called titinnabulum. And were used much like today, and put in gardens where wind would pass through them causing them to produce a tinkling sound. It was thought the noise would chase the evil spirits away, and invite the good spirits to stay.

In the second century in India very large pagodas became popular, then later in China. Buddhists would use wind chimes and bells abundantly, by the hundreds or sometimes thousands. The chimes were elaborately decorated, carved and cast, and were hung at each corner of the roof, under eaves of temples, on pagodas and shrines. When the wind would pass through the thousands of chimes, it would cause a near deafening sound. These bells were originally used to scare away birds, and any lurking evil spirits. They are now thought to be good luck and are used in Feng Shui. Feng shui considers sound as a great way to get rid of negative energy, so many homes in Asia have wind chimes.

Chimes were first used in Asia and the ancient Mediterranean. They were thought to attract good spirits as well as warding off evil spirits. In China and Japan, because of their decorative appeal they became used in private residence as well in sacred locations. It wasn't until the 19th and 20th centuries that their popularity spread to the Western countries.

Many believe that chimes are also good for the health. The reverberant and vibration of the sound is believed to release emotional blockages in the body, sooth the mind, and relieve stress, causing a more conscious awareness and connection with the spirit. The soothing tinkling sound is thought to encourage relaxation while diminishing tension and anger.

Long ago people also used Chimes to predict the weather. They didn't have highly sophisticated ways of predicting the weather like we do today. Farmers and fisherman thought they could make short-term weather predictions with the wind chimes. For example, they would hang some chimes in a location exposed from the north. Wind coming from the north could mean cold weather coming in. Or by placing chimes in a location exposed to the south, wind from the south could mean milder weather. Based off the intensity of the chimes they could gauge if a storm was coming in. By placing wind chimes from various directions they could get a picture of what weather may be brewing.

In Bali they create wind chimes from capiz shells, known as the windowpane oyster. In the 1500's the capiz was used to make windowpanes in homes. Now they are used for all sorts of decorations. Such as lamp shades, vases, chimes, dishes, and jewelry.

Wind chimes date back to prehistoric times and have been used for many and various reasons. Whatever your reason for using wind chimes, their tinkling sound does create a relaxing atmosphere. And with so many shapes, designs and materials to choose from, they can be a lovely addition to any home or garden.

Cassidy Frost is a writer for The Tinkling Wind Chime. http://www.thetinklingwindchime.com/ offers a wide variety of stylish garden decor, from practical to whimsical. Offering a wide selection of wind chimes, garden flags, birdhouses, birdbaths and much much more! Start transforming your backyard into your own personal Eden!


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Caring For Roses and Rose Gardening

Caring For Roses.
Rose gardening is not a novice job. It demands skilled hands. But with the right information and knack for the same, anyone can become a master rose gardener. Caring for roses is the most crucial thing in rose gardening. The basic care of roses varies from season to season. Together with it, there are integral factors that need special attention while planning for rose gardening. Hence, caring for roses is a very generic term. It actually involves some specific tasks. These are, the variety to choose, the climate, the area where your rose shall be planted, the soil chemistry, mode and type of fertilization, diseases, recommended pesticides and watering technique.

The variety to choose.
Before starting with the project, you must get a thorough knowledge of the varieties of roses that are hardy and disease resistance. In most cases people go by the color, size and fragrance of roses, without knowing whether the plant will suit the environment it will be placed in. As a consequence, most of the roses die with a slightest change in climate, a delicate mistake in watering or due to increased vulnerability to pests. The word hardy is also dependent on the climate of the place where it is to be planted. But still in general, some roses that are known for their hardiness are Altissimo Rose; which is a climbing variety with a single layer of petals. Another one is Bonica Rose shrub variety with pink color, dense structure and sweet essence. Another is Graham Rose; full petal, yellow colored shrub variety. Others are Marmalade Sky, bright red floribunda variety, New Dawn, large climber variety with light pink colored big flowers and strong fragrance, Starry Night, abundantly flowering hedge variety with single petal layer, Alexandra, Autumn Sunset, Electron, Gemini, Lavender Lassie, Tuscany, Olympiad, etc.

Soil requirement.
Caring For Roses demand a soil chemistry that comprises of a proper balance of some essential nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese, boron, iron and magnesium. The most suitable soil for roses is that which are slightly acidic, having pH level between 6.0 and 6.5. Remember that roses cannot tolerate too acidic soil either. The best thing to do is to test the soil prior to planting. If the soil is too acidic, add some lime or if it's too alkaline, add sulfur so that the right pH level is achieved. The soil must have good drainage so water clogging does not occur. Roses are severely affected by root rot.

Watering the plants.
Roses hate over watering. Rather it is apt to say that watering roses is a confusing issue. On average, two to three times a week of watering is enough for roses under normal climatic conditions. Never allow the soil to become too dry or the plant to wilt. Always ensure that you water roses early in the morning or in the later part of the evening so that evaporation is minimal.

Fertilization.
Roses need to be fed generously during the growing season. This period initiates from early spring and continues throughout winter. But feeding must be stopped a month before the expected frost of the season. A light liquid feed weekly. The basic feeds are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. But some macro nutrients like magnesium, calcium and magnesium and micro nutrients like iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, chloride, and boron are also recommended as occasional feed.

Diseases and pest control.
The most raging pests for roses are spider mites. They create holes in the leaves and suck dry all the juices from the tissues of the plant. Lime sulfur is recommended for eradicating them. Rose beetles and rose chafers dig holes in the buds and prevent them from blooming. They can be removed by hand picking and throwing the buds or using rotenone spray. The leaf cutter bees cut oval or round holes on the leaves. Hard pruning the affected area is a way to get rid of them. The most common disease of roses is powdery mildew which occurs due to improper circulation of air within the roots and high moisture content in the soil. Others are fungal infections like canker, black spot, botrytis.

As you can see, Caring For Roses with the right preparation and a little bit of know how, anyone can grow beautiful vivid roses.

John Giddio


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Raised Vegetable Beds

Raised vegetable beds are a fantastic method of growing vegetables. They allow you to dictate the soil type whilst allowing the addition of organic matter to the surface of the soil without the hassle of it spilling onto pathways. They also make the plot more manageable and efficient and they look great - an important aspect when growing veg in your own garden as opposed to an allotment.

The idea is simple. A framework of wood or recycled plastic is made to a convenient size. This is placed onto the soil surface and off you go - either work the existing soil or add organic matter to improve and nudge the properties of the soil to where you want it to be. But the size of the raised bed is vital to its efficiency. If the bed is too wide it makes weeding, sowing, planting and cropping difficult without the need for stepping on the soil surface - and the idea is that you shouldn't ever need to walk over the surface of soil in a raised bed. It's also a good idea not to make raised beds too long. This avoids the need for a long walk to simply get to the other side (jumping over the bed isn't a good idea for a variety of reasons!) So, make the beds wide enough to accommodate plants but only wide enough so you can comfortably reach into the middle without overly stretching or straining a back muscle. When you are designing or fitting out your new veg plot ensure you can comfortably walk, with a barrow, between your raised beds. The better the access the more you will want to work them and this leads to increased productivity and quality of your crops.

You can make raised beds from any material you have to hand - but wooden beds warm up the soil quickly and makes fixing cloches and mini tunnels so much easier than other materials. It's also worth remembering that once the beds are full of soil there is a lot of pressure pushing the wooden boards outwards so make sure you buy raised beds that have been made to exacting standards. There's nothing worse than bulging sides with soil and plants spilling onto pathways. You can of course buy wooden planks and make your own - but be careful as any old preservatives can leach into the soil and has the capability to taint your veg. A quality product bought new will last for many years.

Once installed the real fun begins - what to grow! A raised bed is exactly the same as any veg bed - but better. You will have control over the soil type so can adapt conditions to what you want to grow. Put simply, you can grow anything in a raised bed! But be warned - once you see the results you will want more!

Sophie Delves writes for specialist vegetable growing website, VegGrower.co.uk, on subjects such as raised vegetable beds and growing vegetable plants


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Rose Planting and Gardening

History. The rose is a flower which attracts everyone's attention. The rose is the symbol of love, war, beauty and politics. It is colorful and hence a colorful history is behind this beautiful and mystical plant. Scientific research shows the presence of these flowers at around 35 million years ago. China is the country which started the trend of rose planting, about 5000 years ago. The major purpose of rose gardening was perfume making during the ancient times. During the tenure of the Roman Empire roses were used for various purposes like medicine, perfume, and celebration. After the fall of the Roman Empire the existence of the plant was fully dependent upon rose planting, and rose gardening.

Rose planting? Certainly the question might arise of whether rose planting is beyond your own ability. It's certainly something that would cross anyone's mind at firsthand. The most important requirement is the technique that helps in efficient rose planting. You don't need to be a gardening veteran for rose gardening. Some techniques are required to start with rose gardening which hardly involves any special skill. You just need to follow simple steps like choice of land, planting time, and steps for rose planting.

Land selection for rose gardening. Open filed and plenty of sun are the major requirements of rose gardening. A land should be chosen in such a way that the roses would get open sun for around four to five hours in a day. Another thing that should be kept in mind is the open space. A place where rose gardening is kept at bay from being crowded with other plants and herbs.

The perfect time for planting. The end of winter is the best season for rose planting. Bare root roses are the best planting options in the late winter. These roses are derived from step and root. This is the most convenient option for rose gardening. Apart from the bare root type, there are container roses which are already covered with leaves and buds. The outset of spring is the best time for these types of roses. Nursery containers best take care of these type of flower. Since these are easy to grow in pots they can be used for the purpose of home gardening.

Tips to follow before rose planting It is essential to let the bare root soak water before planting. If you are using a pot for plantation then the pot needs to be filled with water until the bare roots are ready for plantation. The hole should be made in proper proportion that is 15 inch depth and 18 inch wide. A little more depth should be maintained while doing plantation in cold areas. Bone meal, compost, and peat moss are added inside the hole prior to planting the bare root. Finally proper watering is what makes the plant grow well.

Feel free to browse the links on CaringForRosesUntoldSecrets.com for more information about, rose gardening and rose planting, or signup for the Free 10-part rose care mini course.

John Giddio


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January Gardening Tips and Snips

Houseplant Check Up

Houseplants make great gifts and you may have received some over Christmas. You need to ensure your houseplants continue to give you the best displays by keep them away from radiators and checking regularly for water. All plants need watering, but often mixed arrangements are given as gifts which contain plants with differing needs so check these carefully to ensure you do not over or under water. Flowering houseplants should be picked over and any faded flowers removed to encourage new flowers to be produced. A liquid feed given every two weeks will help to encourage new growth and flowers and misting the foliage with water will help keep the leaves from browning at the tips.

Bring Life to Your Home

After the Christmas tree has been disposed of, your home can seem a little empty without the dash of greenery so January is an ideal time to fill the void with a large foliage houseplant such as a kentia palm or Dracena. Houseplants help to clean the air and are a relaxing influence in the home so why not treat your self today?

Outdoor Bulbs

Spring is the time for flowering bulbs to start making an appearance. If you didn't have chance to buy some spring flowering bulbs in the Autumn, then you will find many varieties are available now in pots which can be planted out straight away in pots, tubs or in a garden border. Spring bulbs such as snowdrops are often the first flowers to appear and are a welcome sign of the warmer weather to come and the nodding heads of large flowered daffodils look great planted in groups and bring a cheery dash of colour to your garden.

Planting Up Borders

Don't forget your shrub borders during January as you can still plant container grown plants along with bare root plants if the weather is mild. Why not choose from the large range of winter interest plants such a winter flowering honeysuckle and winter jasmine?

Pots and Containers

Terracotta pots can be damaged by frost during the winter if they are allowed to become too wet, make sure that pots are lifted above the ground to drain by using upturned saucers or pot feet. If your plants have become pot bound you can always re-pot them at the end of the month or even plant them into the garden.

Plants of the Month

Although many of the showy plants and flowers are not looking their best at this time of year, there are still many plants which look good and can be planted now as long as the ground isn't waterlogged or frozen. Plants with plenty of colour such as Mahonia Charity, winter flowering Jasmine are a blaze of colour whereas Lonicera winter beauty, Sarcococca and witch hazel have much smaller, but still interesting flowers and are ideal for being planted close to the house where they can be enjoyed.

Vegetables and Fruit

Mild days in January are ideal for getting out in the allotment. Well-rotted manure can be dug in now which will enrich the soil for planting later in the year. If you don't have access to manure then start a compost bin and use kitchen and garden waste to create a great soil improver. Fruit trees can be planted in any size of garden with many trees grafted onto dwarfing root stock that are ideal for growing in large pots on the patio or maybe you fancy growing a peach tree against a warm south facing wall?

Vegetable and Flower Seeds

Many seed companies start to get busy now with people planning what to grow and where. Have a think about what worked well last year and ditch the poor performers for something new. If you like to save your own seeds, over the years you may find the plants are not growing as well as they used to, this is usually because the vigour has been lost from the seeds, so try buying a fresh pack and starting your crops again.

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Planting a Woodland Garden

Some of us are lucky enough to have a few mature native trees as part of our garden. It can be a challenge knowing what to grow around and under trees and what will thrive in soil deprived of moisture and light for most of the year. Gardens don't always have to be manicured and laid out to a rigid plan. In those areas where you have a number of trees growing, why not do a bit of research and create a semi wild woodland area. Our native woodland plants can be both beautiful and delicate, and left to their own devises will quickly colonise an area so that all you really have to do is enjoy it. Here are some of my favourites.

Spring woodland plants

Spring in a woodland setting is probably the most stunning time of the year, when the trees are just beginning to bud but haven't yet blocked out the sunlight with their leaves. Dappled light hits a woodland floor to reveal carpets of spring flowers. Perhaps the earliest bulbs to appear in a woodland setting are Galanthus nivalis or the snowdrop. These delicate bell shaped white flowers appear in January to February and are little jewels in an otherwise winter landscape. Plant clumps of snowdrops in the green for best results the following year. Also flowering at this time of year are winter aconites which carpet the ground with their bright yellow chalice-shaped flowers. Another yellow gem to be found at this time of year is the lesser celandine or Ranunculus ficaria. It has dark green heart-shaped leaves and glossy yellow flowers.

The delicate blue of Anemone Blanda appears in March and will flower over a number of weeks. These are followed in March to May by the pretty nodding white flowers of the wood anemone. Perhaps the one bulb which heralds the start of spring in our woodlands is the bluebell. There are many different cultivars of the bluebell, but you can make sure that you have the native English variety or Hyacinthoides non-scripta by looking for a bent stem with flowers borne only on one side of the stem.

Daffodils are often naturalised into grassy areas but they are just as at home in a woodland setting. Try and get hold of the wild daffodil or Narcissus pseudonarcissus which is slightly smaller than most garden daffodils but no less spectacular.

Summer woodland plants

Although we associate spring as perhaps the most colourful time in the woodland, the summer months don't have to be a mass of green. There are many summer flowering plants you can naturalise around trees for all year round interest. Snakeshead fritillary is a beautiful little flower with nodding speckled blooms coloured from purple to creamy white. Lily of the valley, or Convallaria majalis are a must. Flowering between May and June, their bell shaped white flowers emit a lovely scent. Combine these with clumps of wild cyclamen with their delicate pale pink flowers of upturned petals which flower between August and September. Aconitum or Monkshood has dark blue flowers on tall stems. Beware though, as this plant can be poisonous.

Other plants you might like to consider for a shady wooded area are hellebores, aquilegia or 'grannies bonnet', ferns and for those who want something a little unusual, Arisaema, which has a single leaf with a number of other leaflets and a purple spathe striped white. There is also no reason why you shouldn't dot a few garden planters around the area, as long as they are planted with compatible plants such as primulas or daffodils.

Planting tips

Once you have planted you woodland area, make sure you water all the plants in well. It is then essential that you cover the area with a thick layer of bark chippings, well rotted manure or compost to conserve moisture and keep down the weeds. Then all you have to do is sit back and enjoy what I am sure will become a very tranquil retreat away from the rest of your garden.

Garden Planters source unusual outdoor and indoor planters, and other garden related gifts - whatever your taste, be it traditional, modern or just a bit quirky, we will have something for you. Run by two qualified and creative gardeners, Garden Planters will also plant up your chosen planter with an arrangement of your choice. We believe garden planters are an integral part of any garden - they enhance the overall design and say a little something about the person to whom the garden belongs.


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Nothing Beats Organic Gardening Vegetables

Are you tired of the taste of grocery store tomatoes? Nothing beats organic gardening vegetables... nothing. And, taste is not the only plus to eating organic, test after test show that organically grown vegetables are more nutritious for your family than chemically raised produce.

It has always seems strange to me that people will spend all, or more than, they can afford for a home, and their car has to be the best on the block. But, they buy the cheapest food they can find to put in their bodies.

Your conventional groceries you buy at the local grocery are trucked in from who knows where and are grown with chemicals. When I say they use chemicals I mean they use chemicals for everything.

The ground is prepared with a chemical fertilizer made from natural gas. There many minerals present on this earth and each plant needs it's own combination to grow properly. Over time we have pulled these minerals out of the soil without replenishing all of them. Today many of our soils are deficient in certain minerals. This was even noted in congress of the US many years ago.

Then, there are pesticides and herbicides. Pesticides are used to keep your produce bug free and without blemish. We have been conditioned to look for produce and fruit without any bad spots. When, in reality, the food is just as good with a blemish on it as one without, and tons, maybe millions of tons, are thrown out every year because of some bump on the surface.

Herbicides kill weeds. You can tell a conventional crop field because it looks like plants growing on pavement, nothing growing in the field, but beans, corn or whatever. But, that is against nature. Everything has a purpose in nature and the chemicals have been shown to be a factor in all sorts of health problems.

Organic vegetables are just better for you. You do not have the chemicals to worry about and you are improving your nutrition. In one test organically grown cornmeal was shown to have significantly higher nutrition levels that conventionally grown cornmeal. For instance, the conventional cornmeal had 7.3 grams of protein, but the organic cornmeal contained 11.9 grams, quite a difference.

The best way to make sure you are getting the best nutrition for your family is to raise your own organic vegetables and fruit. You may think that sounds like a lot of work, but if you know how, gardening can be fun and rewarding. Plus, it can give you that exercise you have been planning to start.

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More articles about organic gardening can be found at http://solutionsfororganicgardening.com/.


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Not All Designs for Sheds Are Permanent!

Sheds are generally very useful for homes of all size, not just larger ones - you can benefit a lot from the ability to store all your tools and extra items in a separate place, especially if you have a habit of tweaking with these things a lot of time. A shed is the perfect solution to this situation, allowing you to easily organize all your tools and similar items in a neat manner, and without taking up too much space. One common misconception some people tend to have about sheds is that building a shed is a permanent change to your household - even though that's true if you need a fully-fledged large-sized shed, there are also plenty of compact, smaller solutions that can work just as well without requiring you to treat them like permanent modifications.

Portable sheds are also quite cheap in most cases, even though they can offer you all the features of a standard shed. That's understandable when you consider their overall lower production costs and that a large part of the work is offloaded to you - the setup and installation. When you buy a portable shed, you get it in a deconstructed condition, and it's up to you to set it up following the instruction manual. You can make various alterations to the basic design too, so you don't generally have to comply to any particular design, as long as you can adjust everything to the materials you're given by the manufacturer.

Even if you don't feel up to the task of setting up your own shed after buying it, you still have the option of calling the manufacturer for that purpose and asking them for assistance with this part of your purchase. It will often not cost you too much to do it this way, and in some cases you might even be able to have the price of the installation included in the base purchase, though this varies strongly between different sellers.

Just because the cheaper sheds are made of lighter materials like metal frames and fabric covers, this still doesn't make them less appropriate in terms of durability and overall performance - quite on the contrary, you can get a lot of longevity and long-term performance as long as you make sure that you're buying sheds from renowned manufacturers that have established themselves on the market.

Shopping from the better brands of manufacturers of sheds also gives you other benefits, not just the base construction quality of the shed - you'll likely also get better long-term support and more flexible options when you decide to buy something else from the same company, and if you ever choose to buy something more expensive and complex from the same company, they might give you a free evaluation or something similar to aid you in your purchase. Most of the good manufacturers of sheds actually have very nice customer care plans, so ask to see what they can offer you in this regard if you're interested in working with them for a long term.

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The Hydroponics Gardening Method - What Is It?

Hydroponics is a method of growing terrestrial plants without the use of soil. Using water, nutrients, and a light source, plants can be grown in a mineral nutrient solution. Scientists have found that plants obtain nutrients by absorbing them from the soil, but the soil itself is not necessary for plant growth or survival. However, there are many methods of hydroponics gardening. Plants can be placed directly into a mineral rich water solution, or into an inert growing medium. Some growing mediums include: oasis cubes, coconut fiber, rockwool, gravel, saw dust, and lava rock.

We live in a changing world. Food shortage is a reality for many poorer countries that struggle with unpredictable weather, civil conflict, corrupt or inefficient governments, or lack of resources. Traditional farming methods may no longer be a viable option for these countries. Other reasons that the hydroponics growing method is becoming a global viable food production source are the following reasons:

- Seasonal crops can be grown year round
- Water can be continually reused, since it stays within the system
- No nutrition pollution is released into the environment
- Pests and diseases are easily eradicated
- Higher yields are possible
- Crops can be grown in regions where this would not be possible, such as Antarctica or desert regions

The hydroponics method can also be used in small spaces. Grow tents are a great option for small harvests, and for those who have limited space, inside or outside, their homes. Some made of Mylar and plastic, and built around a metal frame, grow tents are an encapsulated space that must be equipped with everything necessary to cultivate vegetation, such as ventilation, water, lighting, and CO2 systems. Grow tents are carefully controlled environments that allow plants maximum yield, as all these various systems can be easily monitored, and nutrients are easily supplied to the plant.

Hydroponics is currently being used by many industries as well. Since growing marijuana is illegal in the United States, many illicit growers use grow tents since they allow a clandestine means of harvesting their crop. NASA is exploring the possibility of using the hydroponics method to produce plants during space travel, and on planets such as Mars.

There are many reasons for growers, hobbyists, horticulturists, and organic foods consumers may be drawn to using the hydroponics growing method. Using a grow tent inside one's home may seem artificial or unnatural, however, the plants use minerals found in nature- but more refined and easily absorbed. Water is not wasted, as the hydroponics method uses 70-90% less water than conventional gardening. There is no possibility of runoff into lakes, streams, or rivers. All organic supplements and fertilizers can also be used. Used worldwide in areas that cannot grow vegetation, or certain crops, hydroponics is a widespread method for many different types of growers.

Hydroponics can also be organic. There are many fertilizers, nutrients, and supplements on the market today that do not contain synthetic additives. There are fertilizers that use fungi and bacteria to increase plant health, and to help the plant absorb nutrients through its roots. If you are using a grow tent, you can limit the use of harmful pesticides. The only drawback of using the hydroponics method is the immediate eyebrow raising response that is elicited from those who know you are gardening using this taboo growing method.

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How to Germinate Seeds in Your Hydroponic Growbox

You have your grow box set up and now it's to time to begin life; for your seeds that is. Germination is the process in which a plant begins growth. In the grow box environment the indoor gardener has complete control over temperature, water and oxygen which are the three most important environmental factors for successful germination. By following the steps in this article you should get your valuable seeds off to a great start in their wonderful life!

The first step in successful germination is finding seeds that are good quality and clean from a reputable nursery or seed bank. Just by doing a little research on the internet you can find reviews and recommendations about which seed banks and nurseries other indoor gardeners have used as their seed vendor of choice. The next step is to prepare your rockwool cubes for germination. Soak your cubes in a water solution with pH of 5.5. If you have a pH meter use the meter according to the directions included with the meter to attain the proper reading of your solution. If you have purchased a pH kit with pH Up and pH Down solution you will be able to adjust your ph down with the ph Down solution by adding a little at a time. Use the ph test indicator solution to effectively get your solution to the 5.5 color range on the chart. Most tap water ph is between ph 6.8 and 7.8 After you have soaked your rockwool cubes for at least an hour remove them and get them ready for the next step which is inserting your seed into your rockwool starter cubes into your grow box. Typically starter cubes are 1.5 inches and have a small hole in the top of the cube. You want to place your seed with the pointiest side down inside the starter cube about a ½ inch below the top of the surface. Either pinch the hole closed or put an extra piece of rockwool over the top of the hole to cover the seed. Now place the starter cube in an environment where the temperature is between 75-85 degrees and where the humidity is above 70%. An easy way to increase the humidity for an individual cube is to put the starter cube in a plastic Ziploc bag and open about a 2" hole or gap in the top of the bag. Wait between 4-14 days until you see the hypocotyl or "baby shoot" emerge from the top of the rockwool cube. DO NOT pour additional water on your cubes. You should not have to add more water. If notice that at least half of the cube or more has dried out then lightly mist the cubes with a spray bottle filled with water pH of 5.5.

If you are germinating more than a couple of seeds at a time, it is recommended that you use a seed germination/propagation kit. A germination/propagation kit can increase the success of your efforts to 80-90%. These kits contain a seedling dome, seedling tray, seedling heat mat, and seedling thermometer to regulate the temperature of the mat. Follow all the directions above except use your seed mat to keep the temperature between 80-85°. Place the dome over your prepared cubes to keep the humidity elevated in the germinating environment. When you see the hypocotyls or "baby shoot" appear remove the dome partially until all shoots have appeared on all the cubes. Expose these germinated sprouts to indirect light initially and then direct light for at least 18 hours a day. Once you introduce them to light the germination phase is complete and now your tiny plants move into the next phase. What a great feeling it is to start life in your hydroponic grow box!

erik@supercloset.com
http://www.supercloset.com/

SuperCloset takes the guesswork out of growing through manufacturing the most innovative and customer friendly hydroponic systems and turn-key grow box units. After 10 years and over 10,000 customers, SuperCloset continues to lead the horizontal and vertical growing industry with its commitment to excellent products and world-class customer service.


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